If you have ever strunggled to gulp down a _(10)_ with your coffee in the morning, there’s good news: You can probably stop. Turns out, most of the vitamins we need are already present in the food we eat or at least in the food we should be eating.

That is possible because ou bodies only need _(11)_ amount of them to function properly. Caherine price in her latest book, Vitamania, stated that we only need vitamins in amount so tiny that it is difficult to visualize  them. In fact, daily intake for vitamins is smaller than a fraction of a grain of table salt. Still, since the human body cannot make them on their own, the effect of not getting these tiny amounts is truly devastating. This is why vitamins are called essentials micronutrients, In many low-income countries, even these teensy quantities can be tough to come by which is why organizations like the WHO refer to them as “magic wands”.

Vitamins often treat as a cure-all for everything from colds to fatigue. This is a big misconception. For decades the researchers _(13)_ to find any substantial evidence that vitamins and supplements do any significant good. In fact, recent studies skew in the opposite direction. _(14)_ a megadose of certain vitamins have been linked with an increase in certain cancers, while others have been associated with a rise in the risk of kidney stones.

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When people spend time interacting with their smartphones via touchscreen, it actually changes the way their thumbs and brains work together. A study shows that more touchscreen use in the recent past translates directly into greater brain activity when the thumbs and other figertips are touched.

It all started when Arko Ghosh of the University of Zurich and his colleagues realized that newfound obsession with smartphones could be a grand opportunity to explore the everyday plasticity of the human brain. Not only are people suddenly using their fingertips, and especially their thumbs, in a new way, but many of them are also doing it a lot, day after day. The phones are keeping track of their digital histories to provide a ready made source of data on those behaviors.

To link digital footprints to brain activity in the new study, Ghosh and his team used electroencephalography (EEG) to record the brain response to mechanical touch on the thumb, index, and middle fingertips of touchscreen phone users in comparison to people who still use their old-school mobile phones. The results suggest to the researchers that repetitive movements over the smooth touchscreen surface reshape sensory processing from the hand, with daily updates the brain’s representation of the fingertips. What exactly this influence of digital technology means for us in other areas of our lives is a question for another day. The news might not be so good as the researchers note evidence linking excessive phone use with motor dysfunctions and pain.

The tone of this passage is…..

If you have ever strunggled to gulp down a _(10)_ with your coffee in the morning, there’s good news: You can probably stop. Turns out, most of the vitamins we need are already present in the food we eat or at least in the food we should be eating.

That is possible because ou bodies only need _(11)_ amount of them to function properly. Caherine price in her latest book, Vitamania, stated that we only need vitamins in amount so tiny that it is difficult to visualize  them. In fact, daily intake for vitamins is smaller than a fraction of a grain of table salt. Still, since the human body cannot make them on their own, the effect of not getting these tiny amounts is truly devastating. This is why vitamins are called essentials micronutrients, In many low-income countries, even these teensy quantities can be tough to come by which is why organizations like the WHO refer to them as “magic wands”.

Vitamins often treat as a cure-all for everything from colds to fatigue. This is a big misconception. For decades the researchers _(13)_ to find any substantial evidence that vitamins and supplements do any significant good. In fact, recent studies skew in the opposite direction. _(14)_ a megadose of certain vitamins have been linked with an increase in certain cancers, while others have been associated with a rise in the risk of kidney stones.

.........

When people spend time interacting with their smartphones via touchscreen, it actually changes the way their thumbs and brains work together. A study shows that more touchscreen use in the recent past translates directly into greater brain activity when the thumbs and other figertips are touched.

It all started when Arko Ghosh of the University of Zurich and his colleagues realized that newfound obsession with smartphones could be a grand opportunity to explore the everyday plasticity of the human brain. Not only are people suddenly using their fingertips, and especially their thumbs, in a new way, but many of them are also doing it a lot, day after day. The phones are keeping track of their digital histories to provide a ready made source of data on those behaviors.

To link digital footprints to brain activity in the new study, Ghosh and his team used electroencephalography (EEG) to record the brain response to mechanical touch on the thumb, index, and middle fingertips of touchscreen phone users in comparison to people who still use their old-school mobile phones. The results suggest to the researchers that repetitive movements over the smooth touchscreen surface reshape sensory processing from the hand, with daily updates the brain’s representation of the fingertips. What exactly this influence of digital technology means for us in other areas of our lives is a question for another day. The news might not be so good as the researchers note evidence linking excessive phone use with motor dysfunctions and pain.

According to the passage, which of the following statements about touchscreen phone users is true….

Antibiotics were discovered about 75 years ago and they are powerful, often life-saving medicines. They fight bacterial infections and allow us to survive many serious bacterial illnesses. _(1)_, they are not useful against colds and ful because those are viral illnesses. _(2)_ health care providers still prescribe far too many antibiotics inappropriately, for instance, for illnesses that are most likely viral. In the United States, about 50 percent of antibiotics prescribed to patients are _(3)_ or inappropriate. This overuse of antibiotics has led to a _(4)_ development that you may have heard about called superbugs. These are durg-resistant strains of bacteria that only respond to our most powerful antibiotics, or in some cases, to on antibiotic.

...........

When people spend time interacting with their smartphones via touchscreen, it actually changes the way their thumbs and brains work together. A study shows that more touchscreen use in the recent past translates directly into greater brain activity when the thumbs and other figertips are touched.

It all started when Arko Ghosh of the University of Zurich and his colleagues realized that newfound obsession with smartphones could be a grand opportunity to explore the everyday plasticity of the human brain. Not only are people suddenly using their fingertips, and especially their thumbs, in a new way, but many of them are also doing it a lot, day after day. The phones are keeping track of their digital histories to provide a ready made source of data on those behaviors.

To link digital footprints to brain activity in the new study, Ghosh and his team used electroencephalography (EEG) to record the brain response to mechanical touch on the thumb, index, and middle fingertips of touchscreen phone users in comparison to people who still use their old-school mobile phones. The results suggest to the researchers that repetitive movements over the smooth touchscreen surface reshape sensory processing from the hand, with daily updates the brain’s representation of the fingertips. What exactly this influence of digital technology means for us in other areas of our lives is a question for another day. The news might not be so good as the researchers note evidence linking excessive phone use with motor dysfunctions and pain.

It can be inferred from the passage that the researchers…….

Antibiotics were discovered about 75 years ago and they are powerful, often life-saving medicines. They fight bacterial infections and allow us to survive many serious bacterial illnesses. _(1)_, they are not useful against colds and ful because those are viral illnesses. _(2)_ health care providers still prescribe far too many antibiotics inappropriately, for instance, for illnesses that are most likely viral. In the United States, about 50 percent of antibiotics prescribed to patients are _(3)_ or inappropriate. This overuse of antibiotics has led to a _(4)_ development that you may have heard about called superbugs. These are durg-resistant strains of bacteria that only respond to our most powerful antibiotics, or in some cases, to on antibiotic.

...........

If you have ever strunggled to gulp down a _(10)_ with your coffee in the morning, there’s good news: You can probably stop. Turns out, most of the vitamins we need are already present in the food we eat or at least in the food we should be eating.

That is possible because ou bodies only need _(11)_ amount of them to function properly. Caherine price in her latest book, Vitamania, stated that we only need vitamins in amount so tiny that it is difficult to visualize  them. In fact, daily intake for vitamins is smaller than a fraction of a grain of table salt. Still, since the human body cannot make them on their own, the effect of not getting these tiny amounts is truly devastating. This is why vitamins are called essentials micronutrients, In many low-income countries, even these teensy quantities can be tough to come by which is why organizations like the WHO refer to them as “magic wands”.

Vitamins often treat as a cure-all for everything from colds to fatigue. This is a big misconception. For decades the researchers _(13)_ to find any substantial evidence that vitamins and supplements do any significant good. In fact, recent studies skew in the opposite direction. _(14)_ a megadose of certain vitamins have been linked with an increase in certain cancers, while others have been associated with a rise in the risk of kidney stones.

........

If you have ever strunggled to gulp down a _(10)_ with your coffee in the morning, there’s good news: You can probably stop. Turns out, most of the vitamins we need are already present in the food we eat or at least in the food we should be eating.

That is possible because ou bodies only need _(11)_ amount of them to function properly. Caherine price in her latest book, Vitamania, stated that we only need vitamins in amount so tiny that it is difficult to visualize  them. In fact, daily intake for vitamins is smaller than a fraction of a grain of table salt. Still, since the human body cannot make them on their own, the effect of not getting these tiny amounts is truly devastating. This is why vitamins are called essentials micronutrients, In many low-income countries, even these teensy quantities can be tough to come by which is why organizations like the WHO refer to them as “magic wands”.

Vitamins often treat as a cure-all for everything from colds to fatigue. This is a big misconception. For decades the researchers _(13)_ to find any substantial evidence that vitamins and supplements do any significant good. In fact, recent studies skew in the opposite direction. _(14)_ a megadose of certain vitamins have been linked with an increase in certain cancers, while others have been associated with a rise in the risk of kidney stones.

The italics phrese in the second paragraph means …….

If you have ever strunggled to gulp down a _(10)_ with your coffee in the morning, there’s good news: You can probably stop. Turns out, most of the vitamins we need are already present in the food we eat or at least in the food we should be eating.

That is possible because ou bodies only need _(11)_ amount of them to function properly. Caherine price in her latest book, Vitamania, stated that we only need vitamins in amount so tiny that it is difficult to visualize  them. In fact, daily intake for vitamins is smaller than a fraction of a grain of table salt. Still, since the human body cannot make them on their own, the effect of not getting these tiny amounts is truly devastating. This is why vitamins are called essentials micronutrients, In many low-income countries, even these teensy quantities can be tough to come by which is why organizations like the WHO refer to them as “magic wands”.

Vitamins often treat as a cure-all for everything from colds to fatigue. This is a big misconception. For decades the researchers _(13)_ to find any substantial evidence that vitamins and supplements do any significant good. In fact, recent studies skew in the opposite direction. _(14)_ a megadose of certain vitamins have been linked with an increase in certain cancers, while others have been associated with a rise in the risk of kidney stones.

..........

When people spend time interacting with their smartphones via touchscreen, it actually changes the way their thumbs and brains work together. A study shows that more touchscreen use in the recent past translates directly into greater brain activity when the thumbs and other figertips are touched.

It all started when Arko Ghosh of the University of Zurich and his colleagues realized that newfound obsession with smartphones could be a grand opportunity to explore the everyday plasticity of the human brain. Not only are people suddenly using their fingertips, and especially their thumbs, in a new way, but many of them are also doing it a lot, day after day. The phones are keeping track of their digital histories to provide a ready made source of data on those behaviors.

To link digital footprints to brain activity in the new study, Ghosh and his team used electroencephalography (EEG) to record the brain response to mechanical touch on the thumb, index, and middle fingertips of touchscreen phone users in comparison to people who still use their old-school mobile phones. The results suggest to the researchers that repetitive movements over the smooth touchscreen surface reshape sensory processing from the hand, with daily updates the brain’s representation of the fingertips. What exactly this influence of digital technology means for us in other areas of our lives is a question for another day. The news might not be so good as the researchers note evidence linking excessive phone use with motor dysfunctions and pain.

The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to…….

When people spend time interacting with their smartphones via touchscreen, it actually changes the way their thumbs and brains work together. A study shows that more touchscreen use in the recent past translates directly into greater brain activity when the thumbs and other figertips are touched.

It all started when Arko Ghosh of the University of Zurich and his colleagues realized that newfound obsession with smartphones could be a grand opportunity to explore the everyday plasticity of the human brain. Not only are people suddenly using their fingertips, and especially their thumbs, in a new way, but many of them are also doing it a lot, day after day. The phones are keeping track of their digital histories to provide a ready made source of data on those behaviors.

To link digital footprints to brain activity in the new study, Ghosh and his team used electroencephalography (EEG) to record the brain response to mechanical touch on the thumb, index, and middle fingertips of touchscreen phone users in comparison to people who still use their old-school mobile phones. The results suggest to the researchers that repetitive movements over the smooth touchscreen surface reshape sensory processing from the hand, with daily updates the brain’s representation of the fingertips. What exactly this influence of digital technology means for us in other areas of our lives is a question for another day. The news might not be so good as the researchers note evidence linking excessive phone use with motor dysfunctions and pain.

Which of the followings is the best title for the passage……

Antibiotics were discovered about 75 years ago and they are powerful, often life-saving medicines. They fight bacterial infections and allow us to survive many serious bacterial illnesses. _(1)_, they are not useful against colds and ful because those are viral illnesses. _(2)_ health care providers still prescribe far too many antibiotics inappropriately, for instance, for illnesses that are most likely viral. In the United States, about 50 percent of antibiotics prescribed to patients are _(3)_ or inappropriate. This overuse of antibiotics has led to a _(4)_ development that you may have heard about called superbugs. These are durg-resistant strains of bacteria that only respond to our most powerful antibiotics, or in some cases, to on antibiotic.

Antibiotics were discovered about 75 years ago and they are powerful, often life-saving medicines. They fight bacterial infections and allow us to survive many serious bacterial illnesses. _(1)_, they are not useful against colds and ful because those are viral illnesses. _(2)_ health care providers still prescribe far too many antibiotics inappropriately, for instance, for illnesses that are most likely viral. In the United States, about 50 percent of antibiotics prescribed to patients are _(3)_ or inappropriate. This overuse of antibiotics has led to a _(4)_ development that you may have heard about called superbugs. These are durg-resistant strains of bacteria that only respond to our most powerful antibiotics, or in some cases, to on antibiotic.

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The sentence “In the developed countries, excessive amounts of vitamin intake creates another problems.” Should be ……..